First Amendment Paper - 1414 Words

First Amendment Paper The First Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is our rights as citizens living in the United States of America. In this paper I will look at three provisions to the First Amendment, highlighting one case for each provision. Included are one case to discuss freedom of speech, one case to discuss separation of church and state and one case to discuss freedom of association. 1.) Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 1: Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech. The United States Supreme Court overturned a disturbing the peace†¦show more content†¦This case affects all of us today because it prevents local and federal government determine what is appropriate or over the line when we are expressing ourselves. 2.) Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 2: McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with separation of church and state. This case was argued at the United States Supreme Court to the power of a state to use tax money to support public schools to provide religious instruction. Vashti McCollum an atheist objected to the religious classes being provided by the Champaign public school district. McCollum argued that the school district violated the First Amendment, the principle of separation of church and state. a.) Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948) was first decided in the circuit court of Champaign County in favor of the school district. McCollum then appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court that held the lower court’s ruling. McCollum finally appealed to the United States Supreme Court that agreed to hear her case. The Courts decision was in favor or Vashti McCollum by a vote of 8-1ruling that the religious classes was unconstitutional. Justice Hugo Black statedShow MoreRelatedFirst Amendment Paper1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Amendment Freedom is being breached all over the U.S and most of it is being taken away from the press. Sure the Patriot Act is killing everyones privacy in secrecy all over the US, but journalists and reporters are being put in jail right and left. The government has infringed on their rights in a way that should not be with the first amendment. It seems like the more people let the government do, the more steps the government takes to take first amendment rights from people. ForRead MoreReflections on the First Amendment Paper1627 Words   |  7 PagesReflections on the First Amendment Paper Ephraim Iivula HIS/301 May 29, 2011 Kenneth Johnston University of Phoenix Reflections on the First Amendment According to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, andRead MoreReflecting on Religious Expression and School Prayer Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagesreligious expression and school prayer, which will be explored throughout this paper. The Larger Context The relationship between religion and government in America is governed by the First Amendment of the Constitution, which both prevents the government from establishing religion and protects privately initiated religious expression and activities from government interference and discrimination. The First Amendment establishes limits on the conduct of public school officials as it relates to religiousRead MoreThe Debate Over School Prayer1096 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will examine the topic of prayer in school. School prayer has remained a subject of national debate in the United States. This freedom has slowly but surely been taken away from students across the country. By bringing to light the laws pertaining to prayer in schools, understanding the current situation in schools, and rewriting school policy regarding prayer, this travesty can be avoided before it grows further. The dispute over school prayer has stemmed from the government s viewsRead MoreQuestions On The Law Of The United States1387 Words   |  6 PagesRachel Pratt EDUC-A 308 24 March 2015 Issue Paper Detailed Outline Step One: Summarize the issue you have chosen and state the position you will argue. I am going to argue that the fourth grade teacher who posted a banner in his room that said â€Å"What Would Jesus Do?† has violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. In order to avoid violating this clause, the banner must pass every prong of the Lemon test. However, this particular banner does not. Step Two: List the legal standardsRead MorePosition Paper1680 Words   |  7 PagesPosition Paper Introduction Looking back over the past two hundred and seven years, every session of the United States Senate has been opened with a prayer. Doing so has reaffirmed the Senates faith that God is the Sovereign Lord of our Nation. Barry C. Black currently serves as the spiritual advisor and counselor for the United States Senate with the title of Chaplin. Over the years, this position has ranged from part time, to now a full time position (United States Senate, 2011). EverRead MoreA Violation Of The Espionage Laws1407 Words   |  6 Pagespublishment of the Pentagon Papers would be a violation of the Espionage Laws. Despite this warning, the editor proceeded to publish articles. When the case was considered by the United States Supreme Court, the ruling was 6-3, which established a precedent that allowed publication of sensitive information, even if the government tried to mask it from the people (The Pentagon Papers: Free- At Last 22). Because of the New York Times v. United States court decision, the First Amendment right of freedom ofRead MoreEssay on Reflection on the First Amendment1362 Words   |  6 Pagesguarantees for civil liberties. To provide such guarantees, the First Amendment along with the other nine Amendments known as the Bill of Rights were submitted to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789 and adopted on December 15, 1791. This was a guarantee of the essential rights and liberties that were omitted in the origin al documents. A series of cases will be presented in this paper to provide a clear idea of the First Amendment. Cases that have cause an impact in society and have changedRead MoreHazelwood School District Vs. Kuleimer1120 Words   |  5 Pagesin Missouri, made the final edition of the school newspaper. They then gave the newspaper to the adviser, Howard Emerson, who wa a newbie. He gave the principal the final review of the paper before it was published. When the principal, Reynolds, reviewed the paper, there were 2 articles that he didn’t like. The first article was about teen pregnancy, including some comments from students that were pregnant at the school. Names weren’t given, but Reynolds thought there was too much information on theRead MoreWhat is the Bill of Rights?1440 Words   |  6 Pageswas to be added to the Constitution and once the government went ot action the first item on the agenda was the Bill of Rights to be made. The Bill of Rights purpose was to clearly stat e the individual rights of American citizens. All ten Amendments in the Bill of rights are significant for protecting the right of the citizens but Amendment One the freedom of speech, religion, press, and petition, the Fourth Amendment gives the protection of unreasonable search and seizure without a search warrant

The Power Shift In Traditional Gender Roles Is Immediately

The power shift in traditional gender roles is immediately evident through the female-driven narrative of ‘La Novia Oscura’. The verbal portrait of Sayonara is constructed upon a female framework; the reporter is overwhelmed by the fervour with which the prostitutes recount their experiences, â€Å"Estas mujeres†¦tenà ­an un enorme ‘deseo de contar’†(pg.14). Although Sayonara’s absence denies her agency over her own account, the matriarchal sub-community of Tora, along with the reporter, unite as a female collective to transform the legendary prostitute from a silent absence to an active voice, a privilege traditionally reserved for the male. Further transgression of traditional patriarchal authority is manifest in the novel’s conscious†¦show more content†¦Despite her limited geographical movement, the mestiza prostitute’s â€Å"Gloria extendà ­a doquiera que corrà ­an los tubos petroleros†(pg.117). Sayonara’s effortless fame grants her the ability to figuratively cross international borders and this in turn, prevents her confinement to the traditional domestic sphere in which the female is pigeonholed into the position of ama de casa. Francine Masiello argues that in order not to be subjected to a prescribed feminine role, feminine heroines repudiate any fixed point of origin. This corresponds to Sayonara who, upon first meeting, seems to appear from thin air, â€Å"Dice que no supo cuando ella se encaramà ³ a la zorra† (pg.) This displacement extends to her ambiguous departure in which she disappears into oblivion, â€Å"hacia un future incierto†(pg.392). The lack of geographical anchors shrouds â€Å"la mujer de los adioses† (pg.77) in mystery and bestows upon her a transcendental quality which grants her immunity from settling into a prescribed feminine role. Likewise, the profession of prostitution unabashedly casts off the puppet strings which constrict women to the private sphere. Despite common, prescribed belief, it is found that the majority of mujeres de la vida enter into the post by vocation as opposed, to economic necessity as the ideals of domesticity rapidly lose credibility in a country which, as Restrepo declares â€Å"està ¡ en el camino†. For instance, inShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Gender Identity On Graphic Design1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe influence of gender identity on graphic design The perception of gender and its role of establishing personal identities have dramatically changed in recent years. If design is to continue to play a dynamic and constructive role in society, it stands to reason that it has to reflect these changes to be more fluid and nuanced in its interpretation of gender and how design understands gender. The link between design and gender identity is profound because they are essentially bound to cultureRead MoreFantomina: the Manipulator of Situations1503 Words   |  7 Pagesin France. Haywood’s Fantomina represents an important moment in the evolution of gender constructions in the eighteenth century.This research essay is from short story Fantomina.Eliza Haywood Fantomina perceives that gender categories can easily be changed by showing that nothing is ever fixed.You have the power to manipulate any situation you are faced with. There are many instances where the reversal of gender categories is highlited. On page 1458,Haywood says ‘She was young,a stranger to theRead MoreMarxism And Feminism In Sweat By Zora Neal Hurston949 Words   |  4 Pagesthem. Hurston is known for her contributions to African-American literature. She creates a unique storyline in her readings that almost allows the reader to feel a connection with Marxist and Feminine as well as gender roles Picture this: a man coming home from a long day of work and immediately notices the smell of a freshly cooked meal. He takes off his boots and tosses them by the door and strolls into the dining room where he finds a nice hot plate of food on the table with a folded napkin and silverwareRead MoreA Shift in the Balance of Power Between the Generations and the Sexes Throughout Hobsons Choice1239 Words   |  5 PagesA Shift in the Balance of Power Between the Generations and the Sexes Throughout Hobsons Choice The stereotypical view of that period was that men had more power compared to women. Whether it was a father or a husband they had a more powerful status. The women were seen as the weaker sex and second class citizens this is portrayed by Jim, a womans foolishness begins where a mans leaves off. Women had a very homely image also. Children of this period were to be Read More Hughes Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate1170 Words   |  5 PagesHughes Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate In the Hughes’ text, Women in World History: Volume 1, the chapter on Middle Eastern women focuses on how Islam affected their lives. Almost immediately, the authors wisely observe that â€Å"Muslim women’s rights have varied significantly with time, by region, and by class† (152). They continue with the warning that â€Å"there is far too much diversity to be adequately described in a few pages.† However, I argue that thereRead MoreThe Impact Of Money On An African Subsistence Economy1549 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The Impact of Money on an African Subsistence Economy†, he argues that the introduction of a general purpose currency fundamentally changed the nature of Tiv culture because it altered their previously multi-centric economy and changed their traditional methodology of trading and valuation of categories of goods. Bohannon’s ethnography of the Tiv culture and their economic history opens with a simple analysis of contemporary definitions of money and an explanation of the concept of â€Å"general purposeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Little Red Cap By Angela Carter1200 Words   |  5 PagesFairytales subvert, challenge or reaffirm archetypal values through didactic lenses. 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This experiment with traditional family structure can be seen within The Metamorphosis as Mr. Samsa is described as almost commensurate with his wife and daughter due to being unable to support them and whollyRead MoreEssay about Gender Roles in Macbeth1453 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although written long ago, Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth still has themes relevant for contemporary society.   Murderous ambition, political intrigue, crafty social alliances, the disintegration of marriage – these could be headlines from any daily news program.   It comes as no surprise, then, that we also find a significant number of moments in the play where gender seems to be an issue. More specifically, we might say that Shakespeares dramatic investigationRead MoreModern Birth Control And Gender Roles Essay2209 Words   |  9 Pages Before the introduction of modern birth control, gender roles emphasized the responsibility of women to conceive and raise children. Although this began to change in the in the mid-twentieth century, with the introduction of the first hormonal birth control pill, Enovid, taking place in 1960, it was not readily accessible during that time period (Buttar and Seward, 2009, p. 1-3). This did not change during the time period im mediately following the introduction either; five years after the introduction

Essay on Poverty in America Government Welfare Programs are the Solution Essay Example For Students

Essay on Poverty in America: Government Welfare Programs are the Solution Essay Poverty is quite an issue not only in third world countries but also here in the United States. Interviews were conducted with 74 families with school-age children, including 44 families living at or below 150% of the federal poverty level and 30 families living above 150% of poverty (Heymann 5). Over 14 million U.S. children lived in poverty in 1997 (Sherman and Sandfort 555). Many times it is easy for people to hide certain aspects of their lives. However, poverty is not one of them. When a person is poor, it is humiliating for themselves, their families, and is very difficult to overcome. Although poverty is not always a choice, it is a preventable problem in today’s society that can be fixed. If people have the ability to recognize that this is a problem that affects people everywhere and are willing to do something about it, the percentage of poverty-stricken persons would be down to almost nothing. Thousands of books and essays about poverty, causes and possible fixes have been written for others to gain an understanding and pocket a little bit of knowledge so this can soon be fixed. There are millions of organizations in today’s world that beg for money, clothes, and food so they can be sent overseas to help a poor child in Uganda or Haiti. Helping nationwide is always a good thing to be a part of; however, there are many things that can be done in each person’s community, which is always a great place to start. As a group, we all spent time with children in our community who do not come from the most financially well off families. As with the majority of small communities, Anderson took a hard hit economically when money was lost and our entire nation took a turn for the worse. Many people lost jobs or were laid o. . en have lived in poverty in 1997- more than in any year since 1966 to 1990† (Sherman and Sandfort). This article focuses on the importance of ending poverty on all levels. To be able to do this, it would take the cooperation of people from every level of the system. Government policies would need to be made or stepped up to represent the people and give back what they constantly take away. Each state can take similar steps to reassure persons in their own regions they will be well taken care of. However, the last level is where the average person can begin to get involved-your own community. Each community involves a number of people who are responsible for studying and documenting data concerning poverty which provides assistance to different leaders in the community and will enable leaders in the community to reach out to more people that are affected by poverty.

Profitability And Risk Essays - Nestea, Patent Medicines, Iced Tea

Profitability and Risk Qualitative Criteria and Evaluations Profitability and Risk Alternative one offers the highest profitability. The net income after taxes for alternative two is $104,996,299 compared to $160,658,065 for alternative one. Alternative two also offers a high profitability, but not as much as the first alternative. The risk for alternative one is very high. The risk for the second alternative two is average. Purchasing Nestea is risky because the alternative beverage industry is declining. Coca-Cola's dissolution of their alliance with Nestea also raises some concerns of risk and profitability. The additional profits received from alternative one are not a large enough amount to consider taking this high of a risk. Competitor's Reaction Competitor's reactions were thought to be more prevalent in alternative two. The repackaging and offering the non-tea products in cans would cause an immediate reaction. The expected increase in sales would cut into the competitor's share of the market. When Snapple refocuses itself in the international market, the other alternative beverage companies will also enter the market. Competitor's reactions for alternative one are expected to be low. The main competitor left after the purchase of the alternative beverage division of Nestea from Nestle would be Pepsi's Lipton product. There are no clear strategic actions to counteract this movement from Pepsi Lipton. Society's Reaction Society's reactions for both alternatives would be high. Buying Nestea, alternative one, would give Snapple the profits they would receive from loyal Nestea customers. This brand loyalty might also help the image of Snapple's drinks. The convenience of having Snapple in a can, included in alternative two, should have a positive reaction. The slightly lower price of Snapple, for both alternatives, should create increased sales because consumers always appreciate being able to purchase goods at a lower price. Timing The timing of both alternatives is crucial because of Snapple's declining market share and the slowing growth of the industry. It may also be a good idea to wait a while to purchase Nestea because of its declining sales, which could lower the purchase price. This is the right time for Snapple to enter the international market due to the industry's growth decline in the alternative beverage market in the United States. Entering the international market should increase Snapple's sales in a market that is not yet overcrowded. Feasibility Purchasing the Nestea division of Nestle could be difficult to accomplish. It is unknown if Nestle is willing to sell Nestea. Also, acquiring the amount of capital needed to purchase Nestea would be complex. Alternative two is more feasible. There are some promising prospects for international trade markets. It should be easy to offer Snapple in cans because the costs are lower and the company does not produce its own bottles. However, Snapple would be forced to find companies that produce cans and will be willing to bottle the product in cans. Effectiveness Both of the alternatives address the problem that Snapple is facing. Alternative one solves the problem of Snapple's declining market share by purchasing the Nestea division of Nestle. Alternative two solves this problem by entering the international market. The key success factor of maintaining and improving the image of the company is included in alternative two. Both suggested methods of cutting costs, that would lower the price to the consumer, would also help to improve Snapple's image Lowering the amount of flavors offered would make it easier to obtain shelf space for Snapple's products. Choice Alternative two is the chosen solution. This decision was based on its strong numerical rating as well as its strengths. Alternative two was rated at 3.9 compared to 3.05 for alternative one. Entering the international market will increase the sales at less of a risk than alternative one. Alternative two also requires a considerably lessor amount to invest than the other alternative. Alternative One Description As the sales in the alternative beverage industry have slowed, Snapple has to figure out new ways to survive. Snapple needs to look at cutting prices, varieties, and acquiring other investments. These suggestions lead to an alternative which will help Snapple survive and grow in the industry. Snapple needs to cut their prices to some extent, since they have a profit margin of 42.11% according to 1993 standings. They can cut this to 30 percent and still make a great

7 Time Management Tips During College Finals

7 Time Management Tips During College Finals Time is often one of the most precious commodities a college student has during their years in school. While funds and sleep may be in short supply, many if not most college students are also nearly always short on time. During college finals, having good time management skills becomes even more important. But just what steps can you take to make sure youre managing your time well during the chaos of finals week? Step One: Get some sleep. When things get rough, sleep often gets cut out of your schedule. That paper and lab report have to be done by tomorrow morning, so ... no sleep tonight, right? Wrong. Not getting enough sleep in college can actually cost you more time in the long run. Your brain will run slower, youll be more likely to get sick, youll be less able to handle stress, and oh yeah youll be super tired all the time. So even if it seems counter-intuitive, invest some time in getting some quality zzzzs. Theres always a few ways to get a little more sleep in school, no matter how hectic your schedule might seem. Step Two: Prioritize often. Keep a running list in your head, on your laptop, on your phone, in the cloud of the major projects and tasks that youre managing during finals week. Adjust it as often as necessary and refer to it when youre feeling stressed about all the things you have to do. If you feel overwhelmed, just focus on the top 1 or 2 items. You can only do so many things at once, so focusing on the most important can help you feel like youre accomplishing something instead of worrying about everything else you should be doing. Additionally, one of the best ways to manage your time is to avoid procrastinating. If you have a final paper due Tuesday, schedule time into work on it over the weekend instead of planning to be up all night Monday night cramming to get it done. Planning to procrastinate isnt time management; its just plain silly and, ironically, a big waste of time. Step Three: Leave extra time, just in case. As hard and as much as you might try to plan every detail of your college life, sometimes things just happen. You get sick; your laptop crashes; your roommate loses your keys; your car breaks down. Leave as much time as you can each day during finals week for flex time. That way, you wont have to stress when the inevitable happens, since youll know you already have a little time to deal with the unexpected. And if nothing happens and you find yourself with some free time, you can reprioritize and refocus as needed. Step Four: Schedule time to relax. Finals can be incredibly, surprisingly stressful, and you may not realize just how much its taking a toll on you until its over. The mental stress, workload, lack of sleep, and importance of everything you have to do can sometimes feel overwhelming. Fortunately, one of the best things you can do to clear your mind is to just let it relax. Scheduling some down time can actually save you time since youll be mentally recharged and more efficient afterward. Take 20 minutes to read a gossip magazine in the campus coffee shop; get some exercise while listening to music instead of trying to read; go play a pick-up game with some friends. Let your brain take a break so it can go back to being a workhorse instead of just an exhausted lump of mush. Step Five: Dont depend on quick fixes. Caffeine, energy drinks and other stimulants can be tempting to use when you can feel that youre burned out. Unfortunately, short-term fixes can end up costing you more time than they save you, which can be especially dangerous during finals week. Instead of slamming an energy shot, take the few extra minutes it takes to eat some protein and veggies. Itll taste better, youll feel better, and you wont find yourself in a jam in a little while. And while coffee can be a great pick-me-up in the morning or afternoon, it shouldnt be your main food group during finals week. Step Six: Ask for help when you need it. Asking for help is pretty much par for the course during a college students life. Its a rare student who can make it through four (or more) years of college-level work without needing a little help now and then. Consequently, dont be afraid to ask for some assistance when you need it especially if its during a time as critical as finals week. There are lots of places to ask for help and many of them have extra resources to deal with the increased need for assistance during the end of a semester. Step Seven: Avoid unproductive time wasters. Can spending a few minutes on YouTube be a good break? Definitely. But spending two hours there can be a major problem when youre in the middle of finals. Your brain may need a break, but just remember to be smart about how youre using your time. If you really want to do something mindless, use your time wisely and try to multitask when and if you can. If YouTube is calling your name, for example, do your laundry at the same time so you can feel (and actually be!) productive when you get back to your more important tasks.

Improving Interactions between Meeting Planners and Hotel Employees Research Paper

Improving Interactions between Meeting Planners and Hotel Employees - Research Paper Example The results of the primary research will be compared with that of the secondary research, in this case, the results of the surveys conducted by Rutherford and Umbreit, as embodied in the literature review. Literature Review Meeting planners can provide hotels with substantial revenue. Yet little empirical research has examined how hotel sales personnel might facilitate generating this business from meeting planners. (Lee et al, 2005) However, some have made these studies, and one of them is the study conducted by Zeithaml, Parasuraman, and Berry who developed an instrument for measuring customers' perceptions of service quality. The instrument includes dimensions of assurance, empathy, tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness. The most critical dimension was reliability. There is the performance of promised services. The next most critical was responsiveness, or the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service. The SERVQUAL method from Zeithaml, Parasuman, and Berry is a technique that can be used for performing a gap analysis of an organization's service quality performance against customer service quality needs. SERVQUAL is an empirically derived method that may bed used by a services organization to improve service quality. The method involves the development of an understanding of the perceived service needs of target customers (12 Manage Management Communities, 2007). These measured perceptions of service quality for the organization in question, are then compared against an organization that is "excellent". The resulting gap analysis may then be used as a driver for service quality improvement. SERVQUAL takes into account the perceptions of... Meeting planners can provide hotels with substantial revenue. Yet little empirical research has examined how hotel sales personnel might facilitate generating this business from meeting planners. (Lee et al, 2005) However, some have made these studies, and one of them is the study conducted by Zeithaml, Parasuraman, and Berry who developed an instrument for measuring customers’ perceptions of service quality. The instrument includes dimensions of assurance, empathy, tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness. The most critical dimension was reliability. There is the performance of promised services. The next most critical were responsiveness, or the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service. The SERVQUAL method from Zeithaml, Parahuman, and Berry is a technique that can be used for performing a gap analysis of an organization’s service quality performance against customer service quality needs. SERVQUAL is an empirically derived method that may be used by a services organization to improve service quality. The method involves the development of an understanding of the perceived service needs of target customers (12 Manage Management Communities, 2007). These measured perceptions of service quality for the organization in question, are then compared against an organization that is â€Å"excellent†. The resulting gap analysis may then be used as a driver for service quality improvement. SERVQUAL takes into account the perceptions of customers of the relative importance of service attributes.

Accounting Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting Question - Essay Example In addition, it is essential in the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets in relation to future tax consequences. On the contrary, the latter’s objective is to give the financial information which is very useful to the potential investors and creditors in making decisions about investing or providing resources to that particular organization (Kieso, 2013). For this reason, financial reports are meant for the public consumption because they show what the company can offer should they wish to make investments with them. Qn. 2. The Health of Ontario Pension Plan is of the view that pension plans are very useful because they encourage most employees to save and be certain about the future. In this context, defined-contribution and defined-benefit types of pension plans will form a major part of the discussion. Defined-benefit plan is where factors like salary, period of employment and personal history determine the benefits an employee gets. On the contrary, defined-contribution plan is where a company specifies a certain percentage of money each year that is of benefit to the employee. Defined-benefit plan’s advantages; it offers income security to the employee, shields employees from uncertainties in investment risks, allows employees to estimate their future pensions among others. However, its main disadvantages are it offers inaccuracy in the estimates, difficult in summing up all the assumptions under the DB plan, and lastly it has got many issues revolving around the off-balance sheet pe nsion accounting. The defined-contribution pension plan is important because employers are relieved from paying tax, contributions made by employees are transferred to the next of kin should the die before getting a share and contributions are voluntary. Its disadvantages are it only offers security on savings while ignoring the income, it leaves members liable to the investment risk, and members cannot estimate their total contributions and